Genomics – A Programmer’s Guide

The human genome consists of two copies of about 3 billion base pairs of DNA using the alphabet A, C, G and T. So for each change to our DNA, we only need to store the differences from the reference genome and this usually comes in the form of a VCF file (Variant Call Format). It gives a value between -1 and 1 where

We make big square matrices of LD around certain sites in the genome to explore how similar the variants are.

Source: gist.github.com